Biology, ecology, and biotechnological applications of anaerobic bacteria adapted to environmental stresses in temperature, pH, salinity, or substrates
Article Abstract:
Anaerobic bacteria are evolved under extreme physiological and biochemical conditions like high temperature, high salinity, low or high pH. These conditions are essential for industrial processes as they maximize reaction rates and product yields, and facilitate product stability. Thermoanaerobes, which evolve above 100 degrees Centigrade, serve as model systems in providing information on metabolic groups of anaerobes such as methanogens, acetogens and ethanol producers. Syntrophs, which are composed of obligate protons and carbonate reducing acetogens, oxidize fatty acids, ethanol and benzoate to produce acetate. The metabolic products of syntrophs negate the energy conservation mechanisms, and need to be eliminated.
Publication Name: Microbiological Reviews
Subject: Biological sciences
ISSN: 0146-0749
Year: 1993
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Evolution and ecology of influenza A virus
Article Abstract:
The evolution of pandemic influenza A viruses, based on continuing dependence on the aquatic avian gene reservoir, is established. The relationship between the influenza viruses and their host aquatic birds, and how such interactions persisted was discussed. Several conclusions were made based on the phylogenetic analysis of influenza A virus RNA segments for the internal and spike proteins. Among these were the confirmation of a global pool for the influenza virus in aquatic birds and the evolution of host-specific lineages.
Publication Name: Microbiological Reviews
Subject: Biological sciences
ISSN: 0146-0749
Year: 1992
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Biological control of chestnut blight: an example of virus-mediated attenuation of fungal pathogenesis
Article Abstract:
A natural form of biological control was developed as an alternative to the environmentally hazardous chemical means of control of microbial pests. The virulence of the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectaria parasitica, was attentuated by the manipulation of an endogenous viral RNA genetic element. Further studies had been planned in the use of the genetically engineered transmissible hypovirulence for a more effective management of pathogenic fungi.
Publication Name: Microbiological Reviews
Subject: Biological sciences
ISSN: 0146-0749
Year: 1992
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- Abstracts: Molecular and biochemical characterization of two xylanase-encoding genes from Cellulomonas pachnodae. Reclassification of the Penicillium roqueforti group into three species on the basis of molecular genetic and biochemical profiles
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- Abstracts: Old and new concepts for the role of chi in bacterial recombination. RNA recombination in animal and plant viruses