Stress genes and proteins in the archaea

Article Abstract:

Proteins and stress (heat shock) genes and especially those in the Hsp70 and Hsp60 families, in the archae are discussed. In 1991 the first sequence of a gene encoding the molecular chaperone Hsp70 and the first description of a chaperonin in the archaea were reported. Comparison with knowledge of the bacterial and eukaryotic equivalents is made. Topics dealing with proteins and other molecules that build intercellular connective material to keep cells together in a functional three-dimensional pattern are highlighted. Perspective is historical and terms explained for general audience. The study of archaea contributes to other fields, basic and applied.

Denmark, Physiological aspects, Eukaryotic cells, Prokaryotes, Cells (Biology), Eukaryotes, Stress (Physiology), Cellular signal transduction, Heat shock proteins, Cladistic analysis, Cellular control mechanisms, Cell regulation, Archaeabacteria, Extracellular matrix, Archaea

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Adding the third dimension to virus life cycles: three-dimensional reconstruction of icosahedral viruses from cryo-electron micrographs

Article Abstract:

Three-dimensional reconstruction of icosahedral viruses from cryo-electron micrographs is discussed. More than 20 virus families are covered with representative examples illustrating the use of moderate- to low-resolution structural analyses to bring out functional aspects of viral life cycles. The work reviewed serves as a foundation for exploration in the future of the very large number nonspherical/nonsymmetrical viruses and others that are very complex.

United Kingdom, Germany, Viruses, Electron microscopy, Cryobiochemistry

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Type 1 restriction systems: sophisticated molecular machines (a legacy of Bertani and Weigle)

Article Abstract:

The review examines the restriction-modification systems in terms of how microbes distinguish unmodified targets in the resident chromosomal DNA from that of incoming DNA. Data suggest that characterization of wild-type enzymes is facilitated by mutant analysis and of simpler proteins whose structures are already known.

Models, Bacteriophages, Biological diversity, Biodiversity, DNA binding proteins, Restriction enzymes, DNA, DNA restriction enzymes

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