The RAG1 and RAG2 proteins establish the 12/23 rule in V(D)J recombination

Article Abstract:

The V(D)J recombination process, observed in lymphoid cell to assemble immunoglobulin and T-receptor genes from separate gene segments, requires a signal from the recombination signal sequences. The RAG1 and RAG2 proteins direct the recombination process by cleaving the necessary sequence required for assembly. Studies showed that in the presence of Mg2+, RAG1 and RAG2 require a signal from the 12-base pair (bp) sequence and the 23-bp sequence to effect cleavage. With Mn2+, the proteins only require a single signal sequence.

Genetic aspects, Proteins, Cellular signal transduction, Genetic regulation, Gene expression

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Cleavage at a V(D)J recombination signal requires only RAG1 and RAG2 proteins and occurs in two steps

Article Abstract:

The recombination-activating genes RAG1 and RAG2 are necessary for recognition and cleavage at V(D)J recombination signal sequences. The initial step in the reaction involves the formation of a notch at the 5' end of the signal sequence. The second strand is broken in the next step giving rise to a hairpin structure at the coding end and a blunt structure at the 5' end. The V(D)J recombination process links immunoglobulins and T cell receptor cells from different gene segments.

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Initiation of V(D)J recombination in a cell-free system

Article Abstract:

A study using nuclear extracts of pre-B cell lines provided with RAG1 protein shows that the formation of immunoglobulins and T-cell receptor genes from gene segments (V(D)J recombination) requires the protein products of the recombinant-activating genes 1 (RAG 1) and RAG 2. The DNA cut forms a blunt 5'-phosphorylated signal end and a coding end which has a hairpin structure. These genes can induce V(D)J recombination in cells which normally do not show this recombination.

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