Transcription-coupled repair of DNA damage: unanticipated players, unexpected complexities
Article Abstract:
Transcription-coupled repair (TCR) of DNA damage involves unexpected participants and unanticipated complexities. Generality for this repair mechanism for damage not induced by UV has recently been established. Evidence indicates more and more that damage from some chemical carcinogens and UV is put right more quickly in transcriptionally active DNA than in the overall genome. The reason is that there is faster repair in the transcribed strand than in the nontranscribed one. This has been shown for mammals and now for E. coli and yeast, so it is apparently highly conserved as a pathway for repair of excision. It seems that nucleotide-excision repair (NER) of bulky lesions in general may be preferentially targeted to the transcribed strand. Cockayne syndrome, a rare sun-sensitivity disorder with a recessive inheritance pattern, is discussed, as are xeroderma pimentosum group G, DNA mismatch repair, and future directions.
Publication Name: American Journal of Human Genetics
Subject: Biological sciences
ISSN: 0002-9297
Year: 1999
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Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in the cellular response to DNA damage, apoptosis, and disease
Article Abstract:
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) has been studied in the cellular response to disease, DNA damage, and apoptosis. It has some biological functions in pathologies related to inflammatory cell injury. The proposal that caspases cleavage of PARP promotes apoptosis in two ways is made: absence of PARP and of DNA-dependent protein kinase disables key parts of cellular genomic surveillance and prevents unneeded DNA repair that would delay chromatin degradation; and PARP cleavage is helpful to endonuclease access to chromatin.
Publication Name: American Journal of Human Genetics
Subject: Biological sciences
ISSN: 0002-9297
Year: 1999
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The involvement of DNA-damage and -repair defects in neurological dysfunction
Article Abstract:
The existence of different types of DNA-damages and repair defects and their connection with neurological dysfunction is explained. The oxidative stress is found to be the major factor that leads to the development of neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
Publication Name: American Journal of Human Genetics
Subject: Biological sciences
ISSN: 0002-9297
Year: 2008
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