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Biological sciences

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Translational resistance of late alphavirus mRNA to eIF2(alpha) phosphorylation: A strategy to overcome the antiviral effect of protein kinase PKR

Article Abstract:

Protein kinase (PKR) is highly activated following infection with alphaviruses Sindbis (SV) and Semliki Forest virus (SFV), leading to the almost complete phosphorylation of enkaryotic initiation factor 2(alpha) [eIF2(alpha)]. Findings show the existence of an alternative way to locate the ribosomes on the initiation codon of mRNA that is exploited by a family of viruses to counteract the antiviral effect of PKR.

United States, RNA viruses

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Default neural induction: Neuralization of dissociated Xenopus cells is mediated by Ras/MAPK activation

Article Abstract:

Xenopus embryonic ectodermal cells dissociated for three or more hours differentiate into neural tissue instead of adopting their normal epidermal fate. The observations reveal that cell dissociation induces a sustained activation of the Ras/ MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinasse) pathway, which causes the phosphorylation of Smad1 at sites that inhibit the activity of this transcription factor.

Genetic aspects, Xenopus, Ectoderm

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Quality control of gene expression: A stepwise assembly pathway for the surveillance complex that triggers nonsense-mediated mRNA decay

Article Abstract:

A stepwise assembly pathway for the surveillance complex that triggers nonsense-mediated mRNA decay is presented. SMG7 is one of the components of the surveillance complex that couples changes in the phosphorylation state of UPFI with mRNA degradation.

Gene expression

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