Efficacy-performance spirals: a multilevel perspective
Article Abstract:
This article explores the possibility of efficacy-performance spirals in individuals, groups, and organizations. Spirals are deviation-amplifying loops in which the positive, cyclic relationship between perceived efficacy and performance builds upon itself. Collective efficacy is defined, and upward and downward spirals are considered. Evidence from multiple levels of analysis is presented, and factors affecting the occurrence, continuation, and stopping of spirals are proposed. In addition, we consider compositional and cross-level effects by proposing factors that will moderate the relationship between spirals at different levels of analysis. Overall, 15 propositions are presented as guidelines for future research. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)
Publication Name: Academy of Management Review
Subject: Business, general
ISSN: 0363-7425
Year: 1995
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Relationships and unethical behavior: a social network perspective
Article Abstract:
Recent models of unethical behavior have begun to examine the combination of characteristics of individuals, issues, and organizations. We extend this examination by addressing a largely ignored perspective that focuses on the relationships among actors. Drawing on social network analysis, we generate propositions concerning types of relationships (strength, multiplexity, asymmetry, and status) and the structure of relationships (structural holes, centrality, and density). We also consider the combination of the type and structure of relationships and how this embeddedness perspective relates to social contagion and conspiracies. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)
Publication Name: Academy of Management Review
Subject: Business, general
ISSN: 0363-7425
Year: 1998
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Exploring the social ledger: Negative relationships and negative asymmetry in social networks in organizations
Article Abstract:
The role of negative relationships in the context of social networks in work organizations is explored, whereas network researchers have underlined the benefits and opportunities derived from positive interpersonal relationships. By deriving the argument from theory and research on negative asymmetry, it is suggested that these negative relationships might have greater power than positive relationships to explain workplace outcomes.
Publication Name: Academy of Management Review
Subject: Business, general
ISSN: 0363-7425
Year: 2006
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