Role conflict, ambiguity, and overload: a 21-nation study

Article Abstract:

The extent of role conflict, role ambiguity, and role overload reported by middle managers from 21 nations was related to national scores on power distance, individualism, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity. We adapted earlier role stress scales and assessed equivalence usuing multigroup confirmatory factor analysis. Role stresses varied more by country than by personal and organizational characteristics.Data were aggregated to the national level. Power distance and collectivism were negatively related to role ambiguity and positively related to role overload. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Research, International aspects, Job stress, Role conflict

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Uncertainty, contrariness and the double-bind: middle managers' reactions to changing contracts

Article Abstract:

Research suggests that organizational changes can radically alter the informal working lives of middle managers in British firms, particularly if managers are required to introduce change irrespective of their own negative reactions. The psychological contract with middle managers changes in the areas of motivation, ethics, goals, role behaviour and knowledge, with their negative reactions leading to contrariness, uncertainty and 'double-bind,' where they perceive themselves to be in a no-win situation.

Middle Management-Functions, Organizational change

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Uncertainty, opportunism, and governance: The effects of volatility and ambiguity on formal and relational contracting

Article Abstract:

The effectiveness of contractual and relational governance in constraining opportunism under conditions of volatility and ambiguity are compared and it is hypothesized that relational contracts will be robust to volatility and not to ambiguity, whereas formal contracts will be robust in ambiguity and not in volatility. Findings show that formal and relational contracts both have advantages and disadvantages in specific situations and are not simply substitutes.

United States, Comparative analysis, Labor contracts, Labour contracts

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