Zero-tolerance policies: do they inhibit or stimulate illicit drug consumption?
Article Abstract:
The effectiveness of 'zero tolerance' policies on illicit drugs in reducing consumption of such drugs is examined. These policies involve sanctions for the possession of even small amounts of illegal drugs, policies which may result in more arrests, but not necessarily less consumption. Such policies may instead increase drug usage because in this legal set-up, punishment does not increase propotionately to the degree of usage. A mathematical model is used to show this result by describing illicit drug users' purchasing beahvior as a function of anticipated punishment. The model is also used to evaluate several punishment policies. For an individual user, the consumption minimizing policy involves zero punishment for consumption levels below a certain lower bound, an option which is politically infeasible. Applied in the US context, the results indicate that punishment is unaffected by quantity of usage.
Publication Name: Management Science
Subject: Business, general
ISSN: 0025-1909
Year: 1993
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An Evaluation of Federal Policies Concerning Joint Venture for Applied Research and Development
Article Abstract:
Federal policies toward interfirm cooperation in research and development are intended to maximize society's use of technology. These policies, in fact, are detrimental to the formation of risk sharing consortia for R&D. In most cases this can be corrected by permitting firms to share the benefits in proportion to their investments. This is particularly effective for industries with many firms with some larger than others. New legislation (PL95-224) may help to remedy this situation.
Publication Name: Management Science
Subject: Business, general
ISSN: 0025-1909
Year: 1983
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An Evaluation of Federal Policy Instruments to Stimulate Basic Research in Industry
Article Abstract:
A free market system will likely fail to attain optimal allocation of resources to R&D. It will underinvest because the outcome is uncertain and the benefits of results may not fully be captured by the firm. One way of correcting the underinvestment in R&D is to permit interfirm and-or industry-government cooperation. Models show that the alternative stimulation by the use of seed money or matching subsidy is counterproductive.
Publication Name: Management Science
Subject: Business, general
ISSN: 0025-1909
Year: 1983
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