The technology slippage as Europe sits and waits
Article Abstract:
European governments and corporations must decide very quickly whether Europe will be active in attempting to gain a share of the burgeoning high-technology markets or whether they will sit back and allow firms from the U.S. and Japan to control international high technology. The entrenched social and political attitudes of businesses in Europe, resistance to change on a national and individual level, the lack of fully-developed relationships between business and academia in Europe, the unavailability of venture capital, and the slow adaptability of European industries and governments all hamper their ability to take advantage of these new high-tech markets. Several differences between the marketing and industrial climates in Europe and the U.S. and Japan are described, and the need for European firms to take action is discussed.
Publication Name: International Management
Subject: Business, international
ISSN: 0020-7888
Year: 1985
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Trade union clout erodes, but for how long?
Article Abstract:
Membership in trade unions continues to decline in the U.S., with the number of union members falling from 22.4 million to 19.8 million between 1980 and 1984, or from 23.2 percent of all non-agricultural workers to 19.4 percent. This trend is expected to continue through the century, and many managers who prayed for the day when the world would be free of unions entirely may believe they are about to realize their dream. The changes in manufacturing industries that led up to the decline in union membership are described, and the reasons unions are likely to survive through this downward spiral are discussed. These include the lack of concern for employees' interests (financial and otherwise) by managers, failure of managers to invest in innovative human-resource techniques, and the resurgence of interest in union ideals.
Publication Name: International Management
Subject: Business, international
ISSN: 0020-7888
Year: 1985
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The management task in turning a sunset into a sunrise
Article Abstract:
A challenge is presented to industrial managers by the decline of traditional manufacturing industries and the transition required to the growth industries of the late 20th century and early 21st, particularly for managers in Europe. The primary prerequisite for success in the transition is cost-cutting, but another important aspect is innovative management, made more important by the reduction in resources that can be spent on the research and development of new products and strategies. The two basic approaches to innovation in declining markets are the injection of resources from the outside (through takeovers or venture capital) and internal growth. Examples of companies that have been successful in the transition from sunset to sunrise industries are described.
Publication Name: International Management
Subject: Business, international
ISSN: 0020-7888
Year: 1984
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