Two years' hard: towards the 1992 deadline

Article Abstract:

The European Community (EC) Commissioners issued a report on the progress towards the single European market of 1992 which reveals that the 68 directives that have been proposed to date only seven have been passed by all the EC member state parliaments. The UK, a reluctant supporter of a single European market because of its opposition to the European Monetary System and the Social Charter, has actually passed more directives into national laws than any other country. The Single European Act of 1987 sought to encourage the movement of people, goods, and services in Europe by: eliminating obstructions in national laws; harmonizing regulatory laws; and promoting a single European vision. The EC has been most successful on eliminating hidden barriers and obstructive standards, but the EC has been less successful in eliminating protection in the area of public procurement, harmonizing the banking industry, and promoting consumer protection.

Laws, regulations and rules, Reports, Accounting and auditing, European Union. European Commission, Single European market, European Community

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Status symbols block progress

Article Abstract:

One barrier to free trade within the European Economic Community (EEC) is the lack of a common transport policy. One reason is because the nations who created the EEC were at the time more interested in rebuilding Europe and stimulating competition. Another, more important obstacle is that most EEC members have their own national airlines, which are regarded as national status symbols rather than as essential transport. These airlines are subject to international cartels which prevent the airlines from making fare changes on an individual or regional basis. Cumbersome document handling procedures for air freight also represent a barrier to free trade.

Airlines, Transportation policy, Europe, Western

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London - financial centre of Europe?

Article Abstract:

The liberalization of capital markets throughout Europe has added to London's importance as an international financial center. The success of the European capital markets has attracted financial institutions from the US and Japan, which threaten to dominate the European markets unless British merchant banks develop specialized skills and build networks of cooperation within the European Community. Britain could further enhance London's position as a financial center by becoming a full member of the European Monetary System.

International trade, Economic policy, London, England, Foreign exchange, London

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