Response reactions: Equilibrium coupling

Article Abstract:

A study is presented to show that if a homogeneous multiple equilibrium system containing k components and q species is composed of the reactants actually taken and their reactions contain only k+1 species, then there is a unique representation with (q-k) stoichiometrically independent reactions. This is defined as coupling reactions. The effect of the coupled equilibria may overtake the effect of the coupling ones, leading to phenomena that are in apparent contradiction with Le Chatelier's principle.

Chemical reactions

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Investigation of physicochemical properties of Lactam-based Bronsted acidic ionic liquids

Article Abstract:

Novel lactam-cation-based Brosted acid ionic liquids (ILs) were prepared through a simple and atom-economic neutralization reaction between a lactum, such as caprolactam and butyrolactam and a Bronsted acid. In comparison to imidazolium-cation based ILs, the lactam-cation-based Bronsted acid ILs have a relatively lower cost, lower toxicity and comparable ion conductivity and heat storage density.

Chemical properties, Atomic properties, Lactams

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Computation of madelung energies for ionic crystals of variable stoichiometries and mixed valencies and their application in lithium-ion battery voltage modeling

Article Abstract:

A method is developed based on Ewald's technique to compute the electrostatic energy arising from ion-ion interactions in ionic crystals such as LixMn2O4 with variable stoichiometries and mixed valencies. An interesting application of the method in computing the voltages of lithium ion batteries employing spinel cathodes is presented for the first time.

Primary Battery Manufacturing, Primary batteries, dry and wet, Lithium Dry Cell Batteries, Lithium cells, Lithium batteries

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