Kyoto protocol: the unfinished agenda

Article Abstract:

Conflicting political and economic interests were evident during the Dec 1997 international summit on greenhouse gases held in Kyoto, Japan. The Kyoto Protocol called for a reduction to 5.2% below the 1990 emissions level of 38 industrialized nations until the year 2012 and exempted less developed countries (LDC) from the treaty. However, the US fossil fuel industry staged an aggressive media campaign emphasizing the need for LDCs' participation to successfully delay global warming. The campaign influenced Western and European countries to demand the inclusion of LDCs in the treaty.

International aspects, Global warming, Greenhouse effect, Environmental protection

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Global radiation climate changes: the World Network

Article Abstract:

Climatic changes are often attributed to changes in global radiation. These changes may be measured via thermoelectric pyranometers found at World Radiation Network stations. Data from 46 fixed stations confirm a constant reduction of global radiation which may have been caused by factors ranging from variations in the sun's luminosity to shifts in the Earth's orbit. The true cause of irradiation can not be identified due to the questionable accuracy of the measurements, the irregular distribution of stations and the lack of years examined, therefore necessitating further research.

Measurement, Radiation, Radiation measurement

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The role of the university in interdisciplinary global change research: structural constraints and the potential for change

Article Abstract:

The multidisciplinary nature of global change issues makes it difficult for large research universities to conduct meaningful work in this crucial field of study. The reluctance of academics to engage in advocacy work, the low regard accorded to interdisciplinary research, and the traditional division of universities into strictly stratified disciplines are among the key constraints that limit the participation of these institutions in global change research. The creation of university-based global change institutes could be a good way to surmount these organizational constraints.

Colleges and universities, Management, Universities and colleges, Research institutes

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