Vigilance costs of allogrooming in macaque mothers
Article Abstract:
Primate allogrooming, a time- and energy-consuming activity, may have reproductive costs to the performer by reducing its vigilance behavior. The study involved 15 mother-infant rhesus monkey dyads belonging to four captive groups. Data collected over the first 12 weeks of lactation shows that when mothers groomed other individuals, the maternal glance rate at the infant which was away from them was very low, and the infants were harassed by other group members at a higher rate than during the nongrooming time. The mothers never reduced their allogrooming time when infants were away. This reduced vigilance associated with allogrooming exposes the individual and its offspring to an increased risk of predation.
Publication Name: The American Naturalist
Subject: Earth sciences
ISSN: 0003-0147
Year: 1993
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Polyspermy, egg size, and the fertilization kinetics of free-spawning marine invertebrates
Article Abstract:
The model of fertilization kinetics of free-spawning marine invertebrates proposed by Vogel et al was modified to account for polyspermy blocks. The revised model highlights an upper-bound for sperm distributions at instances where fertilization is optimum. For lower sperm concentrations, surplus sperm result in higher incidences of polyspermy. Actual sperm concentration is expressed as a function of the time elapsed prior to activation of the polyspermy block, fertilization efficiency and egg target size.
Publication Name: The American Naturalist
Subject: Earth sciences
ISSN: 0003-0147
Year: 1998
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What are the costs of small egg size for a marine invertebrate with feeding planktonic larvae?
Article Abstract:
The larval feeding ability of plankton may not have as large an effect on the survival of very small eggs as has been assumed. The halving of larval plankton in laboratory experiments did decrease the feeding rate, but had only a small effect on juvenile size. More importantly, the smaller eggs did not metamorphize any slower than their larger counterparts.
Publication Name: The American Naturalist
Subject: Earth sciences
ISSN: 0003-0147
Year: 1995
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- Abstracts: The importance of sperm limitation to the evolution of egg size in marine invertebrates. Evolution of egg size in free-spawners: consequences of the fertilization-fecundity trade-off
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