The decision between internal and external R and D

Article Abstract:

Firms invest in industrial research to promote innovations in their output. The traditional knowledge production function model does not help us to understand why companies may invest in external research and development (R and D). Institutional economics can help shed light on this decision, as is shown by a study of Dutch manufacturing companies. External R and D can replace internal research in low-tech firms but tends to complement internal research in high-tech firms.

Production management

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Endogenous imitation and implications for technology policy

Article Abstract:

Companies that innovate and imitate interact. Rationally determined imitation can allow longer patents that are socially optimal, in contrast to earlier models which used the concept of non-strategic imitation.

Technological innovations, Imitation

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Skilled labor reallocation, wage inequality, and unskilled employment

Article Abstract:

The impact of a rise in incentives and a reallocation of skilled workers to research instead of production is examined in detail.

Economics, Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities, Skilled labor

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