Understanding the "family gap" in pay for women with children

Article Abstract:

Programs aimed at producing job and earnings equity among men and women in the US have largely succeeded. However, there has been a growing discrepancy between the wages of women with children and those without children. This can be attributed to the belated institution of family oriented policies. With the implementation of maternity leave in 1993, mothers have been able to retain tenure after child birth. Employment continuity led to accumulation of work experience, which in turn, produced higher income. Other family oriented policies are expected to narrow this inequity further.

Social aspects, Women, Employment, Working mothers, Income distribution, Single women, Maternity benefits, Work and family

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Diffusion of information in medical care

Article Abstract:

The marginal productivity of medical intervention is analyzed regarding variant behavior among doctors in general. Results show that recommendations from doctors will vary from region to region which may be due to the insufficient diffusion of the necessary knowledge for standardized medical treatment within an otherwise standard population. Implications of this variability highlight the need for federal action for improving the diffusion of knowledge.

Analysis, Medicine, Practice, Medical practice, Medical innovations, Federal aid to medical research, Medical research assistance

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The Family and Medical Leave Act

Article Abstract:

The 'Family and Medical Leave Act' approved by President Clinton in Feb 1993 provided only modest benefits for employees. An analysis of the bill's impact on the cost of labor and employment showed insignificant consequences. Also, no remarkable increase in the employment of women was noted. The provision will be more dramatic if extended to cover more workers and if the vacations will be lengthened and paid.

United States, Evaluation, Social policy, Employee benefits

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