Pigging submarine outfalls

Article Abstract:

The pigging process for cleaning submarine outfalls by increasing pipe flow capacity produces several problems. Inner wall projections, unplowable load of scrapings and insufficient flow force restrict the movement of pigging devices. Maintenance problems must be minimized by anticipating the occurrence of possible malfunctions such as the accumulation of diffuser deposits. The installation of pig-launching tee and the use of diffuser sections with constant diameters will permit a pig to travel within the diffuser by maintaining hydraulic flow for pig motion.

Maintenance and repair, Underwater pipe lines, Underwater pipelines

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Probabilistic analysis of ocean outfall mixing zones

Article Abstract:

Comments on Hening Huang et al.'s use of probabilistic method to analyze ocean outfall mixing zones are presented. Based on probabilistic technique, Huang et al. proposed that the exceedance probability use to delineate mixing zone boundary be 0.0037 to meet EPA criterion that the four-day averaged concentration must not exceed the water quality standard more than once every three years. However, it shows that the exceedance probability should be equal to 0.0044 to meet state and EPA regulatory requirement.

Standards, Analysis, Usage, Water quality, Probabilities, Probability theory

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Returning impaired marine outfall diffusers to full service

Article Abstract:

Robert A. Grace's study on repairing damaged marine outfall diffusers need to address significant questions related to the research. Some of these include the calculation of wave-induced rock instability in the Barbers Point outfall and the potential use of modern navigational technology in securing outfall diffusers from marine vessels such as fishing boats. Furthermore, Grace need to expound more on the insufficiency of analytical techniques in predicting wave forces and initial dilution events.

Research, Hydraulic structures

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