Andrology: a new sub-specialty
Article Abstract:
Infertility is usually treated by gynecologists, but the inability to conceive results from problems in the man as often as it does from problems in the woman. Gynecologists, urologists, and endocrinologists may provide treatment for male infertility as sole practitioners or as a group, but the best treatment would be provided by a physician grounded in all three areas, called an andrologist. This field is new and still relatively unorganized, and it is important to define the field covered by, and the training of, an andrologist. Andrology is best thought of as dealing with problems of male reproductive function, that is, male infertility. Thus, prostatitis and other dysfunctions affecting sperm production and function would be treated by an andrologist, but prostatic cancer, testicular cancer, and similar disorders would still be treated by a urologist. As in gynecology, andrology makes use of surgical exploration to explain infertility, but familiarity with endocrine functions and laboratory techniques used to explore endocrinology is also important. Because male and female infertility frequently interact, andrologists should be familiar with gynecology, as well as male reproduction. Therefore, an andrologist should have basic training in either urology or gynecology, with an added training period in the second field for up to one year. A formal background in the endocrinology of reproduction is also essential. Only physicians with this complete education can provide appropriate and high-quality treatment for male infertility. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)
Publication Name: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0306-5456
Year: 1990
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Is this fair?
Article Abstract:
Most federal employees are protected by law from garnishment of their wages to enforce civil court judgements. The protection dates back to a US Supreme Court decision in 1846 protecting federal employees under the sovereign immunity doctrine. Exceptions to the protection include garnishment of all federal wages for child and spousal support, and the garnishment for any reason of the employees of the US Postal Service, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, and US Department of Housing and Urban Development. Protected federal employees are responsible for debt losses to commercial lenders and credit grantors totaling around $432 million every year. Legislation has been introduced in Congress that would remove the sovereign immunity protection from federal employees and allow garnishment of their salaries.
Publication Name: Credit World
Subject: Banking, finance and accounting industries
ISSN: 0011-1074
Year: 1990
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HispanicBusiness.com, AOL team up
Article Abstract:
Hispanic Business magazine's official web site HispanicBusiness.com will will provide Hispanic-oriented news and community features. AOL Latin America, provider of AOL services in South and Central America, is a partner in the enterprise.
Publication Name: Hispanic Business
Subject: Ethnic, cultural, racial issues/studies
ISSN: 0199-0349
Year: 2001
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