Assessment of a universal, school-based hepatitis B vaccination program

Article Abstract:

A routine hepatitis B vaccination program appears to be effective and widely accepted by preadolescents in British Columbia, Canada. The series of three vaccination doses were completed by 95.6% of the 43,358 eligible six graders in September 1992. Following the vaccination, 98% of the students had protective hepatitis B antibody levels. Only 69 valid severe adverse events were reported through an established reporting system. One reported event involved anaphylaxis, a hypersensitivity to a specific antigen that results in life-threatening respiratory distress. Two events involved severe asthma in the same child. Others included injection site reactions (23%), fainting (20%), rashes (17%), arthritis or arthralgia (6%), and fever (4%). Thirty-nine of the events were strongly linked to the hepatitis B vaccination.

Evaluation, Prevention, Hepatitis B, British Columbia, School-based child care

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Impact of a Large-Scale Immunization Initiative in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)

Article Abstract:

Adjusting food benefits in the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) federal benefit program can effectively encourage recipients to vaccinate their young children. Researchers compared the families of 16,581 children 24 months old or younger given a standard 3-month supply of food vouchers, or a 1-month voucher allotment when children were not fully immunized, or at high-risk of illness. Immunization rates increased from 56% to 89% at WIC sites using the vouchers as incentives, and the proportion of children requiring the incentive fell from 51% to 12%. Tying food benefits to vaccination compliance increases health clinic visits by high-risk children and may improve vaccination rates.

Care and treatment, Children, Vaccination of children, Poor children, United States. Food and Nutrition Service. Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants and Children

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Terminal withdrawal of life-sustaining supplemental oxygen

Article Abstract:

Supplemental oxygen is one of the life-sustaining therapies and the decision of withholding or withdrawing of life-sustaining interventions is a difficult task for clinicians. Informed patients with decision-making capacity have well-established rights to forgo any and all forms of life-sustaining therapy but correct assessment of the medical situation of the patient needs to be done so that no misunderstanding appears later.

United Kingdom, Usage, Informed consent (Medical law), Informed consent, Right to refuse treatment, Treatment refusal, Oxygen equipment (Medical care)

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