Epidemiology of nontyphoidal Salmonella bacteremia during the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic
Article Abstract:
Salmonella bacteremia or septicemia is infection of the blood with the bacteria Salmonella. The development of this infection is a sign of impaired immunity in patients who have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes AIDS. The incidence of Salmonella bacteremia before and after the HIV epidemic, and risk factors for recurrent nontyphoidal Salmonella septicemia (RSS) were assessed. Data were obtained from a national laboratory-based Salmonella and AIDS surveillance system. The incidence (number of new cases) of Salmonella infection increased from 2.8 percent between 1978 and 1982 to 14.2 percent between 1983 and 1987 among 25- to 49-year-old men residing in states with a high prevalence of AIDS. The incidence of infection with Salmonella enteritidis and typhimurium have particularly increased. RSS developed in 0.48 percent of adolescents and adults diagnosed with AIDS between September 1987 and March 1990. The risk of RSS was increased among residents of the Northeast, intravenous drug users, blacks, and Hispanics. Hence, the risk of RSS in persons with AIDS is influenced by geographic distribution of Salmonella, patient characteristics, and infective ability of the Salmonella strain. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)
Publication Name: Journal of Infectious Diseases
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0022-1899
Year: 1991
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A large outbreak of antibiotic-resistant shigellosis at a mass gathering
Article Abstract:
A mass gathering can be an ideal setting for the widespread distribution of enteric (intestinal) pathogens. A large outbreak of shigellosis occurred during the 1987 gathering of the annual Rainbow Family gathering for world peace and healing at the Nantahala National Forest in western North Carolina. The event was attended by 12,700 people and occupied 40 hectares of forest and fields. The disease was most likely spread by poor sanitation, food, water and person-to-person contact. The Shigella sonnei organism was resistant to tetracycline, ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and contained a plasmid (an extra piece of DNA) not found in ''nonoutbreak'' strains of Shigella. Symptoms included fever, chills, diarrhea and seizures. When the mass gathering was over, there were outbreaks of shigellosis in three different states. These outbreaks were traced to the mass gathering. Caution should be taken when planning a mass gathering. Sanitation conditions, methods of food preparation and water sources should be carefully examined. When poorly planned, such gatherings provide the potential for rapid dissemination of disease. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)
Publication Name: Journal of Infectious Diseases
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0022-1899
Year: 1990
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