Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
Article Abstract:
Colony-stimulating factors stimulate the proliferation, maturation and release of blood cells from the bone marrow. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) have both been approved for patient use, and are manufactured commercially using genetic engineering techniques. G-CSF is used to reduce infection in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy for certain cancers. Intravenous or subcutaneous G-CSF increases blood levels of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell. The most common side effect of G-CSF is bone pain, but it can usually be alleviated with an analgesic. GM-CSF is used to treat patients with leukemia and lymphoma after autologous (self) bone marrow transplantation. Subcutaneous GM-CSF increases blood levels of different types of white blood cells. Side effects of GM-CSF include lethargy, muscle pain, bone pain, decreased appetite, weight loss, rashes and flushing.
Publication Name: The New England Journal of Medicine
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0028-4793
Year: 1992
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Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
Article Abstract:
Colony stimulating factors stimulate the proliferation, maturation and release of blood cells from the bone marrow. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is given to chemotherapy patients to prevent infection, while granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is given to treat side effects of chemotherapy. Both are given to patients after autologous (self) bone marrow transplants to help restore white blood cells (WBC). G-CSF and GM-CSF may be used in the future to treat chronic diseases that decrease levels of WBCs such as congenital neutropenia, idiopathic chronic neutropenia, aplastic anemia, and AIDS. They are also being investigated for the treatment of patients with different types of leukemia affecting the bone marrow. The cost of treatment with G-CSF or GM-CSF may be offset by a decrease in hospitalization costs for patients.
Publication Name: The New England Journal of Medicine
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0028-4793
Year: 1992
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Effects of bacterially synthesized recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in patients with advanced malignancy
Article Abstract:
Patients in advanced stages of various cancers were experimentally treated with human granulocyte-macrophage, a type of colony stimulating factor (CSF). CSF is a glycoprotein produced by certain white blood cells which appears to be required for the production of white blood cells that contain granules (granulocytes), and which causes some cells grown in tissue culture to associate into colonies. This agent was manufactured in bacterial cells using recombinant genetic techniques, in which a product is produced in culture by the interjection of a foreign gene into the cells of the culture. Patients were treated with the CSF by daily injections at various dose levels for a ten day period. Some patients received an additional period of treatment. The patients were evaluated frequently and their blood values measured regularly. The results are presented.
Publication Name: Annals of Internal Medicine
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0003-4819
Year: 1989
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