Hormones and depression: what are the facts about premenstrual syndrome, menopause, and hormone replacement therapy?
Article Abstract:
Depression in women may have a hormonal origin. Women with depressive disorders may find symptoms worsen around menstruation. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PDD), a form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), is a depressive syndrome that only occurs premenstrually. Women report that symptoms of PMS appear or worsen around such hormonal events as childbirth, starting or stopping oral contraceptive, or pelvic surgery. Studies have not found consistent associations with the sex hormones. However, abnormalities in neurotransmitters such as serotonin have been found as well as abnormalities in sleep patterns and abnormalities in the adrenalin hormones. Attempts to correct biochemical abnormalities with medication have met with some success. Antidepressants that affect serotonin are now the treatment of choice for PDD. Hormone replacement therapy appears to help menopausal women who are mildly, though not severely, depressed. Lifestyle changes in diet, exercise, or cognitive therapies may also be helpful.
Publication Name: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0002-9378
Year: 1995
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Surgical therapy of recurrent vulvar cancer
Article Abstract:
The success of various surgical interventions in many cases with recurrent vulvar carcinoma is examined in the light of patients' pretreatment, surgical therapy, plastic reconstruction, and postoperative disease course. Individualized reconstructive surgery of the vulva leads to good results in patients with recurrent vulvar cancer while plastic surgery enlarges the spectrum of feasible surgical alternatives so that a more favorable oncological outcome and excellent cosmetic results might be expected.
Publication Name: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0002-9378
Year: 2006
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The effect of bright light therapy on depression associated with premenstrual dysphoric disorder
Article Abstract:
A systematic review summarizing the evidence from randomized clinical trials of bright light therapy for treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder is discussed. The small size of trials and correspondingly wide confidence limits and methodologic limitations of the trials leaves the impact of bright light therapy for relief of premenstrual depressive symptoms uncertain.
Publication Name: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0002-9378
Year: 2005
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