Persistent lack of detectable HIV-1 antibody in a person with HIV infection - Utah, 1995

Article Abstract:

Laboratory tests such as HIV p24 antigen testing, HIV DNA-PCR and HIV reverse transcriptase PCR can be used to confirm HIV infection in people who are persistently HIV-negative by ELISA tests. In October 1995 the CDC received blood samples from a man who had biopsy-confirmed Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, which is a complication of AIDS. However, the man repeatedly tested negative for HIV by ELISA, which is a test that measures antibodies against the virus. It is likely that the man was infected through heterosexual sex with his wife, who contracted HIV infection from a bisexual man who later died of AIDS. Blood tests revealed that the man had the same HIV subtype as his wife, from whom he was now separated. An HIV p24 antigen test on his blood samples was positive, especially when the samples were treated with a chemical that dissociates immune complexes. PCR also detected viral DNA in his blood samples.

Analysis, Physiological aspects, HIV patients

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Absence of true seroreversion of HIV-1 antibody in seroreactive individuals

Article Abstract:

Reports of seroreversion from HIV-positivity to HIV-negativity appear to be due to errors in HIV testing. Of 2.6 million people who were tested for HIV by Jun 1992, six were considered potential seroreverters. That is, on two previous occasions the person's blood tested positive for HIV, and then a later sample tested negative. Four of the patients were actually HIV-positive and a sample taken from someone else was mistakenly attributed to them. One of the cases of seroreversion appears to be due to a testing error, and another appears to be due to an error in recordkeeping. In another 26 people who once tested positive for HIV and subsequently tested negative, there were 23 identified errors in attribution and testing. In the other three cases, errors in testing procedure were strongly suspected but could not be confirmed.

Management, Measurement, HIV seropositivity, HIV positive

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Invasive infection with Streptococcus iniae - Ontario, 1995-1996

Article Abstract:

Physicians should take blood and wound cultures from people with wounds on their arms and hands from preparing fresh fish. Four cases from Ontario indicate that the bacterium Streptococcus iniae, which normally infects fish, can be transmitted to humans. All four had been preparing fresh fish and three had a documented cut on their hand after preparing fish. In these three, the infection began destroying tissue in a process called cellulitis and also spread to their lymph nodes. The fourth person developed infectious arthritis. All four responded to antibiotics.

Health aspects, Case studies, Injuries, Streptococcal infections, Hand, Hand injuries, Fish handling

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