Research and stored tissues: persons as sources, samples as persons?

Article Abstract:

The use of umbilical cord blood transplants raises many of the same issues as genetic research. In both cases, tissue is donated by individuals and stored for further research or use. Some of the ethical issues raised include who owns the tissue, will the donor's identity be revealed, and will they have access to the results of research using their sample. It seems clear that a special informed consent form needs to be developed in these cases. Donors need to decide if they want to be contacted if testing determines that they have a risk of developing a genetic disease. In the final analysis, the donor should control how the tissue is used and whether they want to be notified of potential research findings.

Editorial, Ethical aspects, Donation of organs, tissues, etc., Tissue donation, Tissue banks

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Epstein-Barr virus and the immune system: hide and seek

Article Abstract:

The Epstein-Barr virus uses several mechanisms to evade the human immune system. Cytotoxic T cells are the primary immune response to the virus. When the virus is latent, it produces only a fraction of the proteins that it produces during the infection. Thus, it presents less of a target to the immune system. The virus also produces a chemical very similar to human interleukin-10. Interleukin-10 in turn inhibits the production of immune chemicals called cytokines, which could help kill the virus. It may also inhibit T cell proliferation. Cells that are infected with the virus do not express certain proteins that would tag them for destruction by T cells.

Analysis, Physiological aspects, Immune response, Epstein-Barr virus

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