Science and social responsibility: incidents from the lives of J.B.S. Haldane and Otto Krayer

Article Abstract:

John Burdon Sanderson Haldane, a polymath, and Otto Krayer, a pharmacologist, joined other members of the academic community to protest the persecution of Jewish scientists from Nazi Germany. Haldane strongly opposed the exploitation of geneticists by the Nazis for tactical purposes. He also helped Jewish scientists to find employment in London at the risk of his own life. Krayer was more vocal on his convictions and was forced to transfer to the University College in London after publicly denouncing Germany's anti-Semitic policies.

Political activity, Scientists, Haldane, J.B.S., Krayer, Otto

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Life science: the semantic confrontation

Article Abstract:

Biology has been interchangeably defined as the science of life or of living systems. However, life has not been quantified by biologists and they have yet to agree on its definition. Until then, reference to life's essential properties should not be encouraged. It is unfortunate that the paradigm concerning the measurement and existence of life has been incorporated into textbooks and courses even though too many questions remain unanswered.

Biology, Life, Life (Philosophy), Semantics

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Fraud and trust in science

Article Abstract:

Two common types of scientific misconduct that the scientific community must address are fraud and plagiarism. Fraud is the deliberate manipulation of evidence with an intention of deceiving or misinforming the public, while plagiarism is a theft of intellectual property. However, the problem of misconduct may not be significant enough to require policy changes that may have other undesirable side effects.

Observations, Fraud in science, Science fraud, Science and ethics, Scientific ethics, Research ethics

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