Update: perinatally acquired HIV/AIDS - United States, 1997

Article Abstract:

Guidelines from the US Public Health Service for identifying and treating HIV-infected pregnant women seem to have reduced the number of infants born with the infection. The guidelines for voluntary testing of pregnant women and zidovudine use in those infected were issued in 1994 and 1995. Since then, 87% of the HIV-infected women detected in 29 states were identified before or at the time of birth. The percentage of infected women given zidovudine increased from 24% to 64% between 1994 and 1996. Although the number of HIV-infected newborns had increased each year since 1984, it dropped 43% between 1992 and 1996.

HIV infections, Disease transmission, Pregnancy, HIV infection in pregnancy

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Trends in Perinatal Transmission of HIV/AIDS in the United States

Article Abstract:

Testing pregnant women for HIV and treating them with zidovudine appears to have caused a dramatic drop in the number of infants with HIV infection. These guidelines were introduced by the US Public Health Service in 1994. Researchers analyzed data from a nationwide AIDS surveillance database and found that the number of newborn infants with AIDS dropped 67% between 1992 and 1997. Since the number of births to HIV-infected women only decreased 17%, most of the decrease in pediatric AIDS cases can be attributed to HIV testing and zidovudine use.

Statistical Data Included, HIV infection in children, Pediatric HIV infections

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Prenatal Discussion of HIV Testing and Maternal HIV Testing--14 States, 1996-1997

Article Abstract:

More doctors are testing pregnant women for HIV since the US Public Health Service recommended this in July, 1995. Data from the 1997 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) indicates that the percentage of mothers who discussed HIV testing with their prenatal health-care provider ranged from 63.4% in Maine to 86.7% in North Carolina, and the proportion of mothers who were tested ranged from 58.0% in Oklahoma to 80.7% in Florida. Doctors may take a woman's risk factors into account when deciding to recommend HIV testing.

Services, Prenatal care

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