Changing the rules: arguing against retroactive application of deportation statutes

Article Abstract:

A presumption against retroactivity should apply to statutes that place new limits on deportation relief. For example, the Anti-Terrorism Effective Death Penalty Act includes in section 440(d) a provision that places restrictions on deportation waivers. The Attorney General has suggested that the provision should apply to all applications for deportation waivers that were pending when the statute became effective. Instead, however, the Landgraf standard creating a strong presumption against retroactivity should be applied to any noncitizens convicted before the statute's enactment.

United States, Interpretation and construction, Deportation, Retroactive laws

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The new Indonesian company law

Article Abstract:

The 1995 Indonesian limited liability company law will have a major impact on the Indonesian business community and business law in general. The law, known as UTTP for 'Undang-Undang Tentang Perseroan Terbatas,' addresses the business community's need for modern legal standards and certainties as well as reflecting the government's desire to reform the country's corporation laws. The UTTP introduces refined concepts of corporate governance into Indonesia by combining American notions of director liability with traditional civil law management structures.

Corporate governance, Indonesia, Limited liability companies

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