Enforcement of Articles 81 and 82 EC under regulation 1/2003: The case of Spain and Portugal

Article Abstract:

The most relevant enforcement practice of Articles 81 and 82 EC by the Spanish and Portuguese competition authorities and courts since the entry into force of Regulation (EC) 1/2003 on 1 May 2004 and the coming into operation of the European Competition Network (ECN) is presented. Brief description of the legislative amendments already enacted as well as the reform proposals envisaged in both countries to adapt national legislation to the legal exception system introduced by Regulation (EC) 1/2003 is described.

Spain, Portugal

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A tale of two competition law regimes - the telecom-sector competition regulation in Hong Kong and Singapore

Article Abstract:

Competition law in Hong Kong and Singapore, their objective of facilitating liberalization, lessons from their experience with the effect of Hong Kong to adopt a competition law that is cross-sector is discussed. Telecommunications is one of the two sectors on Hong Kong and Singapore that is subject to active competition law enforcement.

Communications, Broadcasting and Telecommunications, Telephone Communication, Singapore, Management dynamics, Hong Kong, Management, Economic aspects, Telecommunications services industry, Telecommunications industry, Communications industry, Company business management

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The creative regulation process of the Mexican competition Commission

Article Abstract:

The analysis of the way regulatory objectives are achieved by the Mexican Federal Competition Commission is presented. An emphasis is laid on the analysis of the environmental and institutional settings and the implications they have in its enforcement process and regulatory activity.

Mexico, Management-Creativity, Business creativity

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