European Community law - Greek-Slavo-Macedonian conflict - embargoes

Article Abstract:

Greece's unilateral imposition of a trade embargo against the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) has been challenged by the Commission of the European Communities as a violation of the EC's common commercial policy. The trade embargo has elements of both foreign and trade policy that place it in a gray area between Community and member state powers. However, the concept of estoppel supports the Commission's position, since Greece has previously signaled acceptance of EC policy toward FYROM, an action which does not justify its unilateral economic sanctions.

Greece, Cases, Greek foreign relations, Macedonia, Macedonian foreign relations, European Community, Macedonia (Former Yugoslav republic)

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The political consequences of economic embargoes

Article Abstract:

Economic embargoes have proved embarrassing to the last three U.S. presidents. The failure of President Clinton's embargo against Haiti is the latest example. President Reagan used an embargo in 1982 in an attempt to influence Soviet plans for a pipeline in northern Europe and imposition of martial law in Poland. President Bush also used an embargo against Noriega in Panama in 1989. The embargoes caused problems of extraterritorial jurisdiction and economic dislocation. A similar situation may be developing with the embargo against Cuba.

United States foreign relations, Haiti, Haitian foreign relations, international

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The trade weapon: U.S. trade embargoes now in force may have consequences for business transactions worldwide

Article Abstract:

The trade embargo is a major tool for applying pressure to governments or similar groups by preventing commercial transactions and freezing assets. Different enabling language can impose different strictures on US companies, especially those with independent units based in non-embargoing countries or in the target of the embargo. Trade restrictions against Iran, Libya, Syria, Yugoslavia, Angola, the Sudan, and elsewhere are described and analyzed.

Economic aspects, International trade, International relations

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