The international environmental management standard, ISO 14000: a non-tariff barrier or a step to an emerging global environmental policy?
Article Abstract:
The International Standards Organization's new international environmental management standard, ISO 14000, acts as a de facto trade barrier, but this is necessary to promote environmental progress on an international scale. The standards are voluntary, providing guidelines for companies to set up an effective environmental management system. The standards could be strengthened by requiring third-party certification. A requirement for public disclosure of some environmental information should also be considered.
Publication Name: University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Economic Law
Subject: Law
ISSN: 1086-7872
Year: 1997
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The economic future of Afghan women: the interaction between Islamic law and Muslim culture
Article Abstract:
The economic future of the women of Afghanistan depends more upon changes in social customs and norms than rejection of Islamic law. Muslim culture is the primary source of the economic subordination of women when it denies the inheritance, dower, and marriage rights which exist technically under Islamic law. Some changes in Islamic law may be necessary, but efforts to improve women's economic position should be centered on detrimental customs and norms.
Publication Name: University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Economic Law
Subject: Law
ISSN: 1086-7872
Year: 1997
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Conflict and cooperation in international economic policy and law
Article Abstract:
The Michigan Model of World Production and Trade computer simulation can be used to assess the potential economic impact of various trade policy strategies, including unilateral and multilateral action, tariffs and negotiations. Simulations of the responses of major US trading partners suggest that unilateral imposition of tariffs is the least effective approach. Multilateral use of subsidies or trade negotiations result in better economic outcomes.
Publication Name: University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Economic Law
Subject: Law
ISSN: 1086-7872
Year: 1996
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