From national champions to small and medium sized enterprises: changing policy emphasis in France, Germany and Sweden

Article Abstract:

A study analyzes the latest European policy changes designed to bolster the prospects of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). These policy shifts have led to the development of specific support programs for SMEs as well as increased deregulatory initiatives to enhance the economic environment for business. Results indicate that policy programs to support these enterprises need to be developed with a cognizance of their diverse nature and the reality that only a very small number of SMEs make important contributions to employment and innovation.

Evaluation, Europe, Economic aspects, Small business, Economic policy, Industrial policy

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Military administrative behavior and democratization: civilian cabinet appointments in military regimes in Sub-Saharan Africa

Article Abstract:

The involvement of civilian cabinet members in Sub-Saharan Africa's transition from military to civilian rule indicates a response to demands for the end of military regime. The transition allows a slow turnover of military rule to civilian rule by initially appointing civilians to cabinet positions. The process represents an alliance of military democrats and civilian democrats working together to achieve civilian rule.

Political aspects, Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, Military government, Civil supremacy over the military

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