Abstracts

Psychology and mental health

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Generating novel ideas: Fluency performance in high-functioning and learning disable individuals with autism

Article Abstract:

There has been much speculation about the role of deficits in the cognitive profile of autism. An experiment aimed to compare the fluency of subjects with autism and clinical control subjects without autism, when required to undertake certain tasks. The results were consistent with the hypothesis that autistic individuals have impaired ability to generate multiple novel responses. The word fluency tasks in particular provided clear evidence of reduced fluency in autistic individuals. However the results of the design fluency task were consistent with impairment in the control of behavior via inhibition and or monitoring.

Creative ability, Creativity

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Theory of mind and rule use in individuals with Down's syndrome: a test of the uniqueness and specificity claims

Article Abstract:

The positive relationship between the Theory of Mind (ToM) and rule use is consistent with the cognitive complexity approach and inconsistent with the Specificity Claim. The relationship was examined by comparing adults with the Down's Syndrome (DS) and normal mental-age-matched pre-school children on standard ToM tasks and a color-shape card-sorting task. The DS subjects focused only on the present situations in ToM tasks and used a single set of rules on all trials in the card tasks. The results show that deficits in ToM are not restricted to individuals with autism.

Psychological aspects, Usage, Down syndrome, Color and form recognition test

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Perceptual processing among high-functioning persons with autism

Article Abstract:

A group of high-functioning persons with autism and a group of non-handicapped children and adolescents matched for chronological age (CA), IQ, gender and laterality, were given tasks of visual perception. The aim was to determine the efficacy of the central coherence and hierarchisation deficit theories. In one task only those with autism showed global advantage, while in the second task they showed similar performance to the comparison group.

Perception, Perception (Psychology)

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