Biodehalogenation: oxidative and hydrolytic pathways in the transformations of acetonitrile, chloroacetonitrile, chloroacetic acid, and chloroacetamide by Methylosinus trichosporium OB-3b

Article Abstract:

THe rates of transformation of acetonitrile and chloroacetonitrile and the chlorinated species of chloroacetamide and chloroacetic acid and the nature of the pathways with which they are transformed by the soil methylotroph Methylosinus trichosporium OB-3b are compared. Oxygen insertion into the C-H bond was found to be the initial step in dehalogenation by this organism in the series CICH2X(X=Cl, Br, CN), while in the series CICH2Y(Y=CH2CL,CO2H, CONH2), dehalogenation is the result of a direct hydrolysis of the C-Cl bond.

Acetonitrile, Halogenation

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13C-NMR reactivity probes for the environment

Article Abstract:

Chloroacetic acid, chloroacetamide and chloroacetonitrile were successfully tested as site reactivity probes (SRPs). The probes assessed the reactivity of activated sludge, a dump site soil, coastal marine water and sediments, and lake water and sediments. SRPs involve incubation with a 2-ml. slurry, centrifugation/filtration at a desired time and direct nuclear magnetic resonance imaging analysis of products. Findings show the probes' capacity to distinguish the nature and estimate rates for these processes.

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Site reactivity probes: (1,2-13C)chloroacetic acid, a reactivity probe for soil

Article Abstract:

A new reactivity probe for soil is demonstrated. The chloroacetic acid reactivity probe is simple and it is capable of undergoing oxidation, reduction and hydrolysis. Tests show that chloroacetic acid reactivity probe responds easily to chemical and biological conversion in soil and slurries and that it easily lends itself to monitoring.

Analysis, Usage, Measurement, Soils, Soil analysis

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