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Detection of fastidious infectious enteric viruses in water

Article Abstract:

A technique utilizing the continuous cell line of CaCo-2, derived from a human colon adenocarcinoma, combined with molecular hybridization with specific DNA probes was developed to detect fastidious enteric viruses in freshwater samples. The CaCo-2 cells, which have increased sensitivity to virus laboratory strains, detected wild-type rotaviruses, enteric adenoviruses, enteroviruses and astroviruses in the samples. This indicates that utilization of CaCo-2 cells is an effective in vivo method for detecting and monitoring infectious viruses in the environment.

Analysis, Management, Prevention, Enteroviruses, Waterborne infections

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Identifying the major sources of nutrient water pollution

Article Abstract:

A 1992 evaluation showed that around 44% of US river miles did not conform with environmental standards set by states, despite the use of over $540 billion since 1972 to establish water pollution controls. Non-compliance with the Clean Water Act provisions has been related to inadequate controls for nonpoint-source pollution. Evaluation of nitrogen and phosphorus source points established the need for specific watershed management programs to deter pollution.

United States, Evaluation, Environmental policy, Control, Watershed management

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