Engineers outfox nature to bury sewer line

Article Abstract:

The provision of sewer service to a residential area in Bakersfield, California, involved construction of a sewer line from an existing treatment facility and avoiding disturbing dens of the endangered San Joaquin kit fox. To avoid disturbing the dens, the engineers moved the pipe alignment 300 ft up a hill and increased the burial depth of the pipe to around 37 ft. The construction crew had to adapt to different soil conditions in addition to working at that depth. Ninety percent compaction was achieved in the pipe zone on completion of the project.

Design and construction, Endangered species, Protection and preservation, Bakersfield, California

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No-dig project widens the record book

Article Abstract:

The horizontal directional pulling of a four ft diameter, 2160 ft long steel pipe under the Elizabeth River in Norfolk, VA, established some records for the civil engineering industry. It is the US' largest diameter directional-drilled river crossing and the longest for a pipe of that size. The method proved cost-effective becuase it reduced project cost and presented less environmentalproblems than underwater trenching. The project constitutes a portion of a 12-mile raw water main which will link a reservoir to Norfolk's water-treatmentplants.

Management, Pipelines, Norfolk, Virginia, Directional drilling

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Sinking a sewer line

Article Abstract:

Alternative piping and construction methods to replace sewer and water pipelines in a flood-prone area in San Juan, Puerto Rico are discussed. The cost of the construction was minimized by employing directional drilling, installation of ductile iron "river joint" pipe , and use of high-density polyethylene pipes.

Puerto Rico, Economic aspects, Flood damage prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico

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