Ionic and molecular transport in hydrophobized montmorillonite films: an electrochemical survey

Article Abstract:

The swell behavior of thin films of Wyoming montmorillonite prepared with quaternary ammonium cations (QAC) was investigated using clay-modified electrodes and electrochemical techniques. Amended montmorillonites produced a maximum adsorption of 37% of the exchange capacity of the clay. There were noticeable morphological changes as observed by scanning electron microscopy. These changes were accompanied by large signals as shown by cyclic voltammetric measurements. Adding greater amounts of QAC inhibited swelling of the clay, suggesting maximum loading of the exchange sites.

Soil absorption and adsorption, Absorption, Soil science

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Role of carbonate speciation on the oxidation rate of Fe(II) in aquatic systems

Article Abstract:

A model for iron oxidation and speciation by molecular oxygen, incorporating the specific interaction theory of Pitzer, was utilized to determine ferrous iron speciation in different aquatic environments. Results showed natural waters with more than 1 millimole of carbonate alkalinity to be replete with ferrous carbonate complexes. The constructed model proved to be adept at forecasting oxidation levels in aquatic systems such as seawater, lake water, and salt solutions.

CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS, Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing, Carbonates, Models, Oxidation-reduction reaction, Oxidation-reduction reactions

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Transport in hydrophobized Montmorillonite thin films

Article Abstract:

Short chain quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) do not alter the hydrophobic properties of montmorillonite clay under 3.7% exchange site coverage nor the retention properties of its molecule. QACs would inhibit the transport of ions if subjected under a 37% cation exchange coverage. They would also induce a more hydrophilic reaction to clay surfaces which could modify the thin films' clay surface and lead to subsequent structural alterations.

Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing, Nitrogenous fertilizers, Ammonium Compounds NEC, Ammonia fertilizers, Ammonium compounds, Ammonium salts

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