Who and how: some unanswered questions in adult development

Article Abstract:

The continuity or discontinuity of personality in infant and child development has been studied extensively, but personality development over a lifetime is a much more recent research topic. The Jerusalem Study of Psychological Development during Middle and Later Adulthood (JESMA) looked at personality development among 220 participants aged 46 to 65. They were followed-up in three surveys over a period of either 13 or 18 years. JESMA provided information about trends in personality development and specific patterns of aging. The dropout rate was about 60 percent over the 18-year period, and was not random: those who died, refused to continue (because of mental or physical problems) or simply disappeared had lower intelligence and coping scores than those who continued. It is argued that this change in composition of the sample is linked to variables related to cognitive, socioeconomic and personality functions. JESMA found that two or three personality types could account for the majority of cases, although the number of types to include was subjective. The question of the genetic component of personality, as well as the concepts of ''types,'' has not been examined very well because this topic was previously unacceptable in America for ideological reasons. However, since the 1960s it has been rehabilitated, and some researchers now believe aging is a result of genetics alone. However, although JESMA and other studies have made valuable contributions to understanding development over time, broad generalizations still cannot be made about continuity in human development. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Personality, Personality (Psychology)

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Classification of adult day care: a cluster analysis of services and activities

Article Abstract:

A 1986 national survey of 774 adult day care centers (ADCs) was used to determine if the ADCs can be distinctively divided according to program services and activities and by other measures of structuire, process and client population. Cluster analysis showed that there are six ADC classes, namely Alzheimer's Family Care, Rehabilitation, High Intensity Clinical/Social, Moderate Intensity Clinical/Social, General Purpose and Low Scoring ADCs. The clustering suggests that studies on geriatric care centers should not be generalized for all ADCs.

Senior centers, Adult day care centers

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Acquisition and long-term retention of a gross motor skill in Alzheimer's disease patients under constant and varied practice conditions

Article Abstract:

Older Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and healthy older people have the capacity to learn and retain motor skills under regular practice conditions. A study conducted on the teaching of a task such as tossing indicates that the healthy individuals outperform AD patients at different practice distances. The retention capacity diminishes when the practice sessions are discontinued, indicating that AD patients have problems assessing and/or forming motor schemas.

Alzheimer's disease, Motor learning

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