Sex differences in sustained attention across the adult life span

Article Abstract:

We used a life span sample of 18- to 91-year-old men (n = 176) and women (n = 108) to investigate sex differences and the effect of age on sex differences in performance and arousal during a 62-min no-memory-demand sensory vigilance task (Mackworth's Clock-Test). We observed sex differences in target response time and on measures of autonomic arousal; women were slower and less aroused than men. A review of the literature, in conjunction with the results of this study, led to our concluding that women are slower to respond to targets than men and that women may tend to detect fewer targets than men only when they are young (18-29 years old). Sex differences in arousal levels were consistent with an arousal explanation of sex differences in response time. However, detection accuracy and false alarm rates were not consistent with sex differences in arousal levels. Sex differences in the time course of vigilance performance were inconsistent. Age did not significantly moderate the sex differences in vigilance decrement. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Life cycle, Human, Human developmental stages, Ability, Influence of age on, Arousal (Physiology), Arousal (Psychophysiology)

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Explaining gender differences in self-pay expectations: social comparison standards and perceptions of fair pay

Article Abstract:

This research examined gender differences in self-pay expectations and the factors that mediate these differences. On the basis of Major and Konar's (1984) model, five mediators were considered: career paths, objective job inputs, perceived job inputs, job facet importance, and social comparison standards. The mediating role of a sixth factor, fair pay standards, was also examined. College seniors planning to enter a variety of occupational fields completed the Career Expectations Survey, which assessed their self-pay expectations and the six mediating factors. Findings indicated that, regardless of occupational field, women had lower career-peak self-pay expectations than men. The best mediator of the gender gap in self-pay expectations was fair pay standards. Implications for future research on the construct of fair pay standards and its importance in understanding the gender wage gap are discussed. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Demographic aspects, Wages, Wages and salaries

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Marked sex differences on a fine motor skill task disappear when finger size is used as covariate

Article Abstract:

Purdue Pegboard performance of 16 male and 25 female right-handed college students were compared, and results were replicated with 25 male and 28 female subjects. In agreement with the literature, women performed significantly better than men. When measures of index finger and thumb thickness were used as covariate, all significant sex differences in performance disappeared. Negative correlation between performance and finger size were observed in both sexes. Sex differences in fine manual dexterity tasks may therefore be confounded by sex differences in finger size. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Motor ability, Motor skills

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