The role of prescribed and nonprescribed behaviors in estimating the dollar value of performance

Article Abstract:

Methods for assessing the standard deviation of dollar-valued work performance (SD subcharacter y) do not address the issue of whether or not performance of nonprescribed behaviors should be included in the estimation of SD subcharacter y. We used a policy-capturing approach to see whether supervisors considered nonprescribed behaviors when making dollar judgments about work performance. Seventeen supervisors attached dollar values to 50 profiles of hypothetical computer programmers. Each profile consisted of performance ratings on 10 dimensions of prescribed behavior and 3 dimensions of nonprescribed behavior. Results indicated that most of the supervisors do take nonprescribed behaviors into account when making dollar judgments of work performance. Estimates of SD subcharacter y derived from the policy-capturing method correlated .45 (p is less than .05) with estimates of SD subcharacter y made by subjects, using the global estimation method (Schmidt, Hunter, McKenzie, & Muldrow, 1979). Implications are discussed for both SD subcharacter y estimation and treatment of nonprescribed work behavior. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Multivariate analysis, Employee motivation

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On seeking moderator variables in the meta-analysis of correlational data: a Monte Carlo investigation of statistical power and resistance to Type I error

Article Abstract:

A series on Monte Carlo simulations was used to determine if meta-analyses detect differences in effect size and presence of moderator variables. Simulations varied true population differences in size between correlations, studies included and average sample sizes. The study found that small, true differences will not be detected (regardless of sample size and number of studies), and moderate true differences will not be detected with small numbers of studies or sample sizes. This indicates that caution should be taken in attributing observed variations across studies.

Statistics, Statistics (Data), Statistical hypothesis testing

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Rater-ratee race effects on performance evaluation challenging meta-analytic conclusions

Article Abstract:

The effects of rater and ratee race on performance ratings were examined by comparing data from three sources: a large-scale civilian study, a large-scale military study (Pulakos, White, Oppler, & Borman, 1989), and a meta-analytic study (Kraiger & Ford, 1985). Results from the civilian and military data converged, but they differ from the meta-analytic results and challenge the conclusion that raters generally give more favorable ratings to members of their own race. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Influence, Employee performance appraisals, Race, Military personnel, Performance appraisals

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