Putting history back into criminology

Article Abstract:

'Criminal Justice and Crime in Late Renaissance Florence, 1537-1609,' by John K. Brackett, studies the criminal justice system during the rule of the Medici grand dukes, and shows that the courts were fair in their decisions to punish or negotiate. Peter Linebaugh's 'The London Hanged: Crime and Civil Society in the Eighteenth Century' proposes poverty as the cause of crime. Lucia Zedner's 'Women, Crime, and Custody in Victorian England' details gender differences in attitudes toward criminality, with men judging according to the threat and the cost of the crime and women on the basis of the crime's moral implications. Other books are examined.

Law

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Structural and cultural disinvestment and the new ethnographies of poverty and crime

Article Abstract:

Sociological criminology is being re-oriented to accommodate the new ethnographies of crime and poverty. This helps in keeping criminology abreast of the social structure and in focussing on cultural variations and their impact. Sociological theories have to consider the economic and cultural background of American cities to understand the trend in crime rates. The new ethnographies of poverty and crime help in understanding American society.

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Making corporate and criminal American less violent: Public norms and structural reforms

Article Abstract:

Canadian legislation requires every gun to be registered by the year 2003. Restrictive gun policies in Canada have resulted in a total of 7 million guns in the country, compared to 240 million guns in the US. Whilst the number of gun homicides has dropped in Canada, the number of burglaries has increased. It is argued that although the US could learn much from the Canadian experience, the solution can not be imported to the US easily.

United States, Canada, North America, Gun control

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