The effect of drink familiarity on tolerance to alcohol

Article Abstract:

Cues related to familiar alcohol drinks become conditioned stimuli through repeated pairing with unconditioned stimulus properties that serve to mediate drug tolerance. Subjects perform better on the motor and cognitive tasks, and feel less intoxicated when the same dose of alcohol is presented in a familiar form, rather than in an unfamiliar form. They exhibit strong indications of conditioned tolerance on the measures of performance after consuming the drink.

Drug tolerance

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Imbalance between neuroexcitatory and neurinhibitory amino acids causes craving for ethanol

Article Abstract:

Glutamate, a major excitatory amino acid, and glutamate and gama-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a major inhibitory amino acid, are responsible, at least partly, for ethanol withdrawal symptoms. Conditioned responses by extracellular glutamate concentrations may participate in the environmental cue-induced conditional cravings for ethanol that are related to the high frequency of relapse in detoxified alcoholics.

Industrial organic chemicals, not elsewhere classified, Ethanol, Ethyl Alcohol Manufacturing, Glutamate, Alcohol, Denatured

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Utilizing virtual reality to standardize nicotine-craving research: A pilot study

Article Abstract:

Thirteen nicotine-dependent participants, in a controlled pilot trial were allowed to smoke ad libitum and then exposed to virtual reality (VR) smoking and VR neutral cues, to be compared on craving intensity. VR smoking cues were found to effectively increase subjective craving in nicotine preloaded, dependent smokers.

Drug Addicts, Usage, Drug abusers, Virtual reality, Virtual reality technology

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