Small business: problems and opportunities for accounting firms

Article Abstract:

The failure of many small businesses can be attributed to ineffective management which, in turn, may be caused by the lack of good financial information. Certified public accountants (CPA) can provide this kind of information but, unfortunately, very few small businesses recognize the need for their services. 148 small businesses engaged in hardware retailing, optometry, general contracting, grass seed farming, and the restaurant business, were studied to find out just how well they are being serviced by accounting firms. The study explored several topics such as reasons for not seeking the help of CPAs and clients' perception of their accountants' knowledge. It also discussed the many opportunities for accounting firm to serve the needs of small businesses.

Accounting, auditing, & bookkeeping, Research, Management, Services, Small business, Accounting firms, Accounting services, Accountants

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Nonbusiness organizations: a very short course in reading a municipal balance sheet: How much surplus cash does the city have?

Article Abstract:

The fund accounting balance sheets for a fictional city are explained line-by-line, with emphasis on the following balance sheet entries: surplus funds, cash and investments, restricted cash and investments, trust and agency, special revenue, capital projects, fund balance(s), special assessment, debt service, enterprise fund, general fund, and service fund. The analysis points up the complexities of fund accounting and reporting, the acceptable standards for municipal accounting, and the general tendency of the public and media reporters to misinterpret such accounting statements. The analysis also stresses the need for municipal officers to teach citizens, investors, lenders, and legislators their approach to accounting practice and financial management.

Interpretation and construction, Accounting and auditing, Accounting, Cities and towns, Financial statements, Local finance, Governmental Accounting Standards Board

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Mum's the word! - or is it?

Article Abstract:

Potential conflicts are developing in regards to auditors' responsibilities to notify third parties of management misconduct uncovered in audit investigations. Statement of Auditing Standards No. 53 states that auditors are precluded from notifying third parties because of their legal and ethical obligations of client confidentiality. On the opposite side of the argument, court decisions are suggesting that auditors and other professionals have a duty to disclose misconduct if an identifiable third party is in danger of financial loss. In view of the conflicting ethical and legal attitudes toward disclosure auditors are strongly advised to consult with their lawyers before communicating with any third parties.

Auditing

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