A large neutral fraction of cosmic hydrogen a billion years after the big bang

Article Abstract:

The fraction of ionized hydrogen left over from the big bang provides evidence for the time of formation of the first stars and quasar black holes in the early universe. About one billion years after the big bang, the spectra of the two most distant known quasars indicates that hydrogen in the intergalactic medium (IGM) had not been completely ionized at a red shift of z approximately equal to 6.3.

Industrial Gas Manufacturing, Industrial gases, Hydrogen, Stars, Universe

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The formation of the first low-mass stars from gas with low carbon and oxygen abundances

Article Abstract:

Study reveals that as soon as the primordial gas left over from the big bang, is enriched by elements ejected from supernovae to a carbon or oxygen abundance as small as 0.001-0.1 percent of that found in the Sun, cooling by singly ionized carbon or neutral oxygen can lead to the formation of low mass stars by allowing cloud fragmentation to smaller clumps.

Atmospheric gases, Astronomical bodies

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Suppression of dwarf galaxy formation by cosmic reionization

Article Abstract:

Theoretical simulations claim predict that the formation of dwarf galaxies should have suppressed after cosmic hydrogen was reionized. It is believed that the future surveys with space-based infrared telescopes will detect a population of smaller galaxies that reionized the Universe at an earlier time, before the epoch of dwarf galaxy suppression.

United States, Observations, Theoretical physics, Dwarf galaxies

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