Dating the origin of HIV-1 subtypes
Article Abstract:
Zhu and colleagues have presented a unique HIV-1 sequence from 1959, ZR59, and they suggest that subtypes B and D evolved from a single introduction, just before 1959, and that there is probably a shared common ancestor in HIV-1 group M viruses. However it is unlikely that evolutionary rates amongst viruses are equal and constant over time as suggested. 95 HIV-1 strains were retrieved from the GenBank database and linear regression analysis showed significant but weak positive correlations in sampling years and sequence distances to the B/D/F node.
Publication Name: Nature
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0028-0836
Year: 1999
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Universal cellular tropism?
Article Abstract:
The cellular tropism of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 has been described by several studies as residing in the viral envelope. These studies used three sources of human cells to study the area of the viral envelope responsible for tropism. Significant differences were found in infectivity and replication on T-cells and macrophages for viruses with chimeric envelopes, but no such difference was noted for PHA-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This lack of tropism is noteworthy and suggests a different method of viral entry.
Publication Name: Nature
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0028-0836
Year: 1992
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Signalling through the MHC class II cytoplasmic domain is required for antigen presentation and induces B7 expression
Article Abstract:
Engagement of the T-cell receptor with the antigen and class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) during cognate T-B cell interaction results in transmission of a signal to the B cell. The cytoplasmic domain of the class II molecule is required for this transmission which also results in expression of the accessory molecule B7. Therefore, successful T-helper cell/B-cell collaboration requires not only T-cell receptor interaction with the MHC class II antigen complex but additional transmembrane receptor ligand pairs.
Publication Name: Nature
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0028-0836
Year: 1992
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