Abstracts » Zoology and wildlife conservation

Durer's diagnoses

Article Abstract:

The way in which German painter, printmaker and theorist Albrecht Durer characterized individual temperaments had a long-term impact in areas including craniology, phrenology and physiognomics. Humoral medicine has now been rejected, but Durer's insights remain relevant. He divided people into four groups: sanguine, choleric, phlegmatic and melancholic. These temperaments are all portrayed in his panels of the 'Four Apostles,' presented to the city of Nuremberg, Germany, in 1526.

Analysis, Influence, Temperament, Durer, Albrecht

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Vesalius's veracity

Article Abstract:

Andreas Vesalius was an anatomist from Brussels, now Belgium, who illustrated medical tools in a work written in the 16th century called De Humani Corporis Fabrica. Vesalius had first-hand knowledge of what he was illustrating. He referred to Galen, a physician and philosopher, whom he sought to emulate. He used devices in order to explain how the human body functions, and this method was later used by William Hunter and Gottfried Bidloo.

Medicine, Anatomists, Medical illustration

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Rontgen's rays: When x-rays were discovered in the last century they swiftly captured the popular imagination, giving rise to a new art form, saucy poetry and circus sideshows alongside their serious roles in science and medicine

Article Abstract:

Wilhelm Rontgen's discovery of X-rays in 1895 revolutionized such sciences as crystallography and medicine. The discovery was made when investigating cathode rays, and Rontgen won the first Nobel prize for physics in 1901. As well as the serious science, the rays attracted both humorous and alarmist attention, giving rise to a new art form, poetry and circus sideshows. X-ray radiography developed as an important scientific research tool.

X-rays

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