Event timing turns punishment to reward: linking a smell with an electric shock does not always have an aversive effect in flies

Article Abstract:

Fruit flies were trained by using electric shock paired with an odor, in order to study the reaction of odor and shock on the fruit flies and to see whether the shock can result in avoidance of this odor or attract towards it. It was seen that the relative timing of the shock and odor presentations during training were responsible for the opposing behaviors and shock could act as an aversive reinforcer or an appetitive reinforcer.

United States, Odors, Fruit-flies, Shock, Odours, Fruit flies

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Distinct memory traces for two visual features in the Drosophila brain

Article Abstract:

The study shows that the central-most part of the Drosophila fly brain, the fan-shaped body (FB), contains part of a network mediating visual pattern recognition. It is shown that a small group of characteristic stratified neurons in the FB house a memory trace for the pattern parameter elevation and a different set of neurons forming a parallel stratum contain a memory trace for contour orientation.

Physiological aspects, Brain research, Animal memory

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Context generalization Drosophila visual learning requires the mushroom bodies

Article Abstract:

Visual learning in the fly Drosophila melanogaster was studied using a flight simulator. Memory retrieval was found to be partly context-independent. the facilitating effect of context cues for memory retrieval appears to be the default state, while making recall context-independent needs further processing.

Visual learning

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