Flux coupling in a neuronal glutamate transporter

Article Abstract:

Previous research has shown that synaptic transmission is terminated by diffusion and reuptake of neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft. The reuptake of glutamate regulates the concentration of extracellular glutamate and prevents neurotoxicity. Using voltage clamping with a pH-sensitive fluorescent dye to monitor electrical current and pH changes of a flux of glutamate mediated by transporter EAAT3, it was discovered that three sodium ions and one proton are cotransported with each glutamate ion into the cell while a single potassium ion is transported out. The results suggest that the transporter EAAT3 could continue removing glutamate if a transmembrane glutamate concentrate gradient exceeding 10 is maintained.

Neural circuitry

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Frequency detection and temporally dispersed synaptic signal association through a metabotropic glutamate receptor pathway

Article Abstract:

A mechanism by which non-coincident signals generated by different synaptic inputs are integrated has been discovered in experiments using recordings from microelectrodes implanted in adult rat cerebellum. The mechanism works by regulating neuronal excitation through G-protein-coupled, metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). A single activation of the climbing-fibre input in cerebellar Purkinje cells potentiates mGluR-mediated excitation at parallel-fibre synapses due to spikes in cytosolic Ca levels. This mechanism allows temporally and spatially dispersed signals to be assimilated.

Neurons, Purkinje cells

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Glutamate spillover suppresses inhibition by activating presynaptic mGluRs

Article Abstract:

The activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) on inhibitory terminals in the cerebellar glomerulus has been investigated. Glutamate spillover inhibits GABA release by activating presynaptic mGluRs.

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