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Zoology and wildlife conservation

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Jumping between liquid states

Article Abstract:

It has been possible to use synchrotron X-ray diffraction to make a direct structural study of liquid phosphorus under high pressure. When the pressure is increased, the structure of liquid phosphorus shifts suddenly from a quite open molecular structure to a new polymeric form with higher density. The two forms coexist within a narrow pressure range, and the transition can be reversed by lowering the pressure. This supplies direct evidence for a pressure-driven structural transition in the liquid above the melting point. It seems that first-order phase transitions do take place in the liquid state.

Author: McMillan, Paul
Publisher: Macmillan Publishing Ltd.
Publication Name: Nature
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0028-0836
Year: 2000

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A first-order liquid-liquid phase transition in phosphorus

Article Abstract:

New research supports the view that the best candidates to show a liquid-liquid transition are liquids with open molecular coordination environments, particularly those with a locally tetrahedral molecular structure. This research involved an in situ X-ray diffraction observation of a liquid-liquid transition in phosphorous, with a sudden, pressure-induced structural change between two distinct liquid forms. The features of the transformation strongly support the idea that it is a first-order liquid-liquid phase transition.

Author: Katayama, Yoshinori, Mizutani, Takeshi, Utsumi, Wataru, Shimomura, Osamu, Yamakata, Masaaki, Funakoshi, Ken-ichi
Publisher: Macmillan Publishing Ltd.
Publication Name: Nature
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0028-0836
Year: 2000

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Continuous anchoring transition in liquid crystals

Article Abstract:

The observatin of a continuous anchoring transition in liquid crystals in which the liquid-crystal orientation can be changed continuously as a funtion of temperature is reported. The technique involves the use of liquid crystals in contact with fluoropolymers as aligning agents, allowing precise control of the angle of liquid-crystal alignment and producing weak anchoring. The study is important because of the potential of liquid-crystals for optical and photoelectronic device applications.

Author: Patel, J.S., Yokohama, Hiroshi
Publisher: Macmillan Publishing Ltd.
Publication Name: Nature
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0028-0836
Year: 1993
Liquid crystals

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Subjects list: Research, Phase transformations (Statistical physics), Polymer liquid crystals, Phase transitions (Physics), Liquid crystalline polymers
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