Making smooth moves

Article Abstract:

Research suggests that human motor movements are chosen to minimize jerkiness and to maximize smoothness and efficiency. A new study suggests that smoothness is a consequence of trying to achieve maximum efficiency and investigates saccadic eye movements and goal-directed arm movements. It concludes that neural control signals are corrupted by noise which increases with the size of the control signal, thus the final trajectory shape is selected because it requires minimal variation to the final eye or arm position.

Motor ability, Motor skills, Neurophysiology

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Disruption and sequence identification of 2,000 genes in mouse embryonic stem cells

Article Abstract:

It has been possible to develop a high-throughput mutagenesis method based on gene trapping that permits the automated identification of sequence tags from the mutated genes. This approach traps and mutates genes irrespective of their expression status in embryonic stem cells. Data obtained from this method support a model in which most of the genome is accessible to retroviral integration with a subset of the integration events landing in 'hotspots' and the rest representing random integrations.

Stem cells, DNA sequencers

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