Structure of a DNA-bound Ultrabithorax-Extradenticle homeodomain complex

Article Abstract:

Gene expression must be strictly regulated during development of multicellular organisms. The transcription factors encoded by the homeotic (Hox) genes are important in animal development. Hox proteins have low DNA-binding specificity along, but when bound with homeoprotein Extradenticle, gain affinity and specificity. The crystal structure of an Ultrabithorax-Extradenticle DNA complex has been determined using polypeptides forming the cooperative heterodimer. Many of the cooperative interactions occur from the YPWM amino-acid motif of Ultrabithorax.

Proteins, Genetic regulation

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Nuclear import of the homeodomain protein extradenticle in response to Wg and Dpp signalling

Article Abstract:

The secreted signalling proteins Decapentaplegic (Dpp) and Wingless (Wg) are responsible for transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and Wnt families, respectively. Research on the embryonic midgut of Drosophila shows that both pathways are also responsible for controlling the subcellular localization of the homeodomain protein encoded by the extradenticle (exd) gene. In addition, the nuclear import of exd correlated with the transcription of an exd-dependent report gene in the endoderm.

Genetic aspects, Gene expression

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Antagonism between extradenticle function and Hedgehog signalling in the developing limb

Article Abstract:

The Drosophila homeobox gene extradenticle (exd) is needed for patterning of the proximal region of the leg. It is shown that exd function in Decapentaplegic (Dpp)/Wingless (Wg) signalling is antagonistic, dividing the leg into two. Cells are prevented from responding to DPP and Wg. It is also revealed that a murine homologue of exd (Pbx1) is controlled at the subcellular level.

Homeobox genes, Extremities (Anatomy)

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