Brazil's little Angola

Article Abstract:

Excavations have begun at Palmares in Brazil, which promises to be an important site for understanding relationships among escaped slaves from Africa, Portuguese settlers and Native Americans during the 17th century. Palmares, or Angola janga, was established in about 1605 by runaway slaves from central Africa. At its height in 1670-1694 it numbered some 20,000 inhabitants in ten villages covering 106 miles. After repeated attacks by both Dutch and Portuguese colonists, the kingdom was destroyed in 1694. The people of Palmares apparently traded with some natives and settlers.

Brazil, Africans, Africans in Brazil, Fugitive slaves

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Enlightened stewardship

Article Abstract:

Archaeological and historic sites on private lands seldom get the kind of legal protection given to government owned sites. The looters who are driven from the public lands encroach upon the private properties. Landowners sell antiquities from the sites on their land to smugglers who are willing to pay a good price for them. Archaeological Conservancy, established in 1980, purchases privately owned sites and preserve them for the public.

Laws, regulations and rules, Criticism and interpretation, Historic sites, Landowners, Cultural property, Protection of, Cultural property protection, Archaeology and state, Public archaeology

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50 years of discovery: how archaeology has reconfigured the human past

Article Abstract:

Developments in major areas redefined archaeological research since 1948. These advances included computers, new scientific methods, explosive growth in the number of professionals, and theoretical advances. Research of archaeologists during the 1950s relied on the climatological framework for the Ice Age. Such research revealed the world's transitional climate.

Cover Story, Archaeology

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